1 – Indexing:
Check the query patterns of your application and create the right indexes.

2 – Materialized Views:
Pre-compute complex query results and store them for faster access.

3 – Denormalization:
Reduce complex joins to improve query performance.

4 – Vertical Scaling
Boost your database server by adding more CPU, RAM, or storage.

5 – Caching
Store frequently accessed data in a faster storage layer to reduce database load.

6 – Replication
Create replicas of your primary database on different servers for scaling the reads.

7 – Sharding
Split your database tables into smaller pieces and spread them across servers. Used for scaling the writes as well as the reads.

Over to you: What other strategies do you use for scaling your databases?